Premier Journal of Science

About the Premier Journal of Science (PJS)

The Premier Journal of Science is an open-access, peer-reviewed, monthly journal dedicated to the global advancement of research, education and the scholarly understanding of science. It is essentially a platform for innovative research and findings across various scientific fields, and encourages potential contributors to submit high-quality, impactful work that might advance knowledge and foster interdisciplinary collaboration. With open access, the journal ensures that the research included in it is disseminated swiftly and widely, facilitating potentially global cooperation.

PJS prides itself on the integrity of its stringent peer-review process. Our rigorous criteria are designed to ensure that all of the articles published in the journal, are not only scientifically sound, but also that they contribute to the wider, ongoing dialogue in their respective fields. Authors are encouraged to engage and enter dialogue with the global scientific community in a constructive way, sharing ideas and research openly.

Publication frequency: monthly
Indexing: Scopus, Google Scholar, CAS – both STN and SciFinder products, Ulrichsweb and others
Crossref: https://doi.org/10.70389/PJS100000
Archived: British Library and Portico
ISSN: 3049-9011

Editor-in-Chief, Premier Journal of Science
Professor Adam Frampton MSc, PhD, MBBS, FRCS (Gen Surg), MRCSEd, FRSB, FESSR, DipMedTox
Professor in Surgical Oncology & Head of Oncology
University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey
Honorary Lecturer in Surgery & Cancer
Imperial College London
London
United Kingdom
adam.frampton@surrey.ac.uk
Website

Special collection on Reporting Guidelines

Aims and Scope

PJS is committed to advancing global research, education, and scholarly understanding of science. It fosters progress, discussion, and debate by sharing knowledge, ideas, and best practices across all scientific disciplines. The journal offers readers peer-reviewed, carefully curated and up-to-date publications on the latest advancements in the field that are relevant to their interests.

The science journal covers an extensive range of scientific topics, from life sciences to engineering, offering insights into both foundational research and applied science. As we put emphasis on social, environmental and technological change (among others) across the globe, we encourage authors to submit work that’s relevant to researchers, educators and policymakers.

Article types – research, reviews, editorials/perspectives and correspondence-style articles will be considered.

Submit your manuscript

Fig 6 | Visual comparison between simulation from arc tangent values and experimental values

Proposed Design for Pneumatic Artificial Muscles in Soft Robotics System: An Experimental Study
Duha Abd Alameer Abd Alraouf¹, Issa Ahmed Abed¹ and Alaa Al-Ibadi²
1. Basrah Engineering Technical College, Southern Technical University, Basrah, Iraq
2. Department of Computer Engineering, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
Premier Journal of Science 2025;15:100178

Fig 4 | Schematic diagram of the relationship between necessary files modified for the compilation of OpenPLC program in VEGA-Arduino package and its upload to ARIES board

Benchmarking of OpenPLC Runtime on C-DAC VEGA RISC-V Microcontroller
Vinukumar AppukuttanNair Retnakumari¹ , Premjith Achem Veettil², Sivakumaran Natarajan³ and Sri Ram Shankar Rajadurai³
1. Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
2. Hardware Design Group, Center for Development of Advanced Computing, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
3. Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;15:100135

Fig 1 | The general architecture diagram of proposed methodology

Comparative Analysis of Time Series Transformers on Multivariate Time Series Data
Dinesh Raja¹ and Judith John Edwin²
1. Research Scholar, Department of computer science and engineering, Noorul Islam Centre For Higher Education, Nagercoil, India
2. Associate Professor, Department of computer science and engineering, Noorul Islam Centre For Higher Education, Nagercoil, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;15:100132

Fig 5 | Top 15 words contributing negatively to sarcasm detection

Sarcasm Detection in Conversational Contexts: A Comprehensive Review with a Logistic Regression Baseline Study
Jaipuneeth Jaishree Prabhu and Sai Preetham Rajappa Velur
Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;15:100125

Fig 8 | Errors in pressure model — Figure 8: Errors in pressure model.

A Polynomial-Based Framework for Understanding Hysteresis in Pneumatic Muscle Actuators
Muna Mohammed and Alaa Al-Ibadi
Department of Computer Engineering, Engineering College, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
Correspondence to: Muna Mohammed, pgs.muna.mohammed@uobasrah.edu.iq
Premier Journal of Science 2025;15:100147

Decentralized Digital Identity: A Blockchain and Neural Network Approach
Arvind Babu , Kozhikode Raghunathan Balasubramanian, Anisha Singh, Meenakshi Reena Sureshbabu and Yuvaraj Natarajan
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;15:100142

Fig 1 | PRISMA flow diagram of the process of selecting research sources Source: Compiled by the authors.

History and Technological Innovations: The Impact of Technological Progress on the Course of Historical Events: A Systematic Review
Blerina Xhelaj¹ , Shefqet Dinaj², Olena Tymoshenko³, Olena Khomenko³ and Petro Kravchuk³
1. Department of Education, University “Ismail Qemali” Vlora, Vlora, Albania
2. Faculty of Philology, “Fehmi Agani” University, Gjakovë, Kosovo
3. Department of Social and Humanities, European University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;15:100138

Constraint-Embedded Deep Learning for Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Thermogram Images: An Experimental Study
Panidhar Karanam , Subhadra Kompella, Suresh Chittineni, Venkata Sai Dhruv Nadamuni and Sai Manikanta Anna
Department of CSE, Gitam (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;15:100130

Fig 1 | Traditional security measures and their limitations

Advanced Network Security Through Predictive Intelligence: Machine Learning Approaches for Proactive Threat Detection—An Experimental Study
Sunish Vengathattil¹ and Shamnad Mohamed Shaffi²
1. Director, Software Engineering, Clarivate Analytics Philadelphia, PA, USA
2. Data Architect, Amazon Web Services Seattle, WA, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2025;15:100155

Fig 3 | Receiver operating characteristic curve

Ensembled Machine Learning Algorithm Based Intrusion Detection with Blockchain Technology
Jothy Chandrikha Raveendran¹ , Judith John Edwin¹ and Anju Ajith Jaya²
1. Computer science and Engineering Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
2. Computer science and Engineering Vimal Jyothi Engineering College, Chemperi, Kannur, Kerala, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;15:100137

Fig 1 | India’s annual installation of industrial robots up to 20238

Dynamic Integration of Collaborative Robots and Automated Guided Vehicles In Manufacturing Systems – A Simulation Study
Kuppan Chetty Ramanathan , Koppaka Sailendra, Harsha Kumara Pappula, Tharun Thirumalai and Raja Narayanan
School of Mechanical Engineering SASTR, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;15:100136

Fig 2 | Architecture diagram of proposed approach

AI-Driven Chatbot for Mental Health Analysis Using Transformer Models
Arjun Paramarthalingam¹ , Amirthasaravanan Arivunambi², Ashokkumar Janarthanan¹,
Sindhuja Sundaresan³ and Srinivas saravanan Ariyangavu¹
1. Computer Science and Engineering University College of Engineering Villupuram, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India
2. Computer Science, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
3. Computer Science and Engineering, Surya Group of Institutions, Vikravandi, Villupuram, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;15:100133

Fig 3 | Bar graph indicating the educational qualification of employees

Adoption of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools Among Supervisors in the Second Half of Their Working Life: A Qualitative Study
Firdaus Bashir and Priyanga T
PSG Institute of Management, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;15:100124

Fig 2 | Influence of water flow rate (q, L/s) and spillway height (Nv, m) on DO concentration (r, mgO2/l) Source: Compiled by the authors.

Investigation of the Possibility of Energy Attenuators as Stream Aerators: Optimising the Design of Hydraulic Structures to Improve Their Environmental Performance
Taalaibek Toktogulov¹ Zulumkan Teshebaeva¹, Mukhtarbek Aldashov², Duishenaly Zhorokulov³ and Seyitgazy Artykbaev⁴
1. Department of Life Safety, Osh Technological University named after M.M. Adyshev, 81 Isanov Str., Osh, Kyrgyz Republic
2. Industrial and Pedagogical Institute, Osh Technological University named after M.M. Adyshev, Osh, Kyrgyz Republic
3. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Osh Technological University named after M.M. Adyshev, Osh, Kyrgyz Republic
4. Institute of Technology and Nature Management, Osh Technological University named after M.M. Adyshev, Osh, Kyrgyz Republic
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100177

Fig 1 | Schematic representation of the proposed methodology for mango leaf disease detection

A Computationally Efficient Model for Mango Leaf Disease Diagnosis: An Experimental Study
Srijah Sasitharan¹ , Sridevi Subbiah¹, Nirmala Devi Malaichamy² and Deisy Chelliah¹
1. Department of Information Technology, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100164

Fig 2 | Chart interpretation: performance of experimental group (pre-test vs post-test)

Enhancing English Speaking in ESL Classrooms Through ICT-Integrated CLT: A Mixed Methods Approach
Pradip Kumar Mahata¹ and Pragyan Paramita Pattnaik²
1. Garhbeta College, Garhbeta Paschim Medinipur West Bengal, India
2. Professor and Head, Dept. of HSS, C V Raman Global University, Odisha, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100121

Fig 2 | Task completion time before and after VR

Application of Virtual Reality for Creating Inclusive Educational Environments: Practical Examples and Methodological Approaches–A Mixed Methods Study
Iqboljon Ovxunov¹ , Guliya Abdyshukurova², Nurzhamal Karasheva³, Shokhsanam Shukurova⁴ and Anjela Nam⁵
1. Andijan State University, 129 University Str., Andijan, Uzbekista
2. Department of Pedagogical and Humanitarian Disciplines, Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev, 51A Razzakov Str., Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
3. Department of Physics, Mathematics, Informatics and Computer Technologies, I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, 92 Akhunbaev Str., Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
4. English Language Department of Applied Disciplines No. 3, Uzbekistan State World Languages University, 21 Kichik Khalka Yuli Str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan
5. Department of Informatics and Computer Graphics, Tashkent State Transport University, 25 Sairam Str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100179

Fig 1 | Distribution of future specialists in the socionomic sphere by the level of inclusive competence formation (n = 50)

Exploring the Development of Inclusive Competence in Future Socionomy Specialists: Psychological and Educational Challenges in Constrained Settings
Volodymyr Vlasov¹ , Valentyna Mazur², Oksana Oleksiuk³, Anna Starieva⁴ and Oksana Shevchenko⁵
1. Philosophy Doctor in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Special Education and Human Health, Mykolaiv Institute of Human Development “Ukraine”, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
2. Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Psychology, Special Education and Human Health, Mykolaiv Institute of Human Development of the University “Ukraine”, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
3. Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of Department of Psychology, Special Education and Human Health, Mykolaiv Institute of Human Development of the University “Ukraine”, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
4. Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Director, Mykolaiv Institute of Human Development of the University “Ukraine”, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
5. Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Psychology, Special Education and Human Health, Mykolaiv Institute of Human Development of the University “Ukraine”, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100176

Fig 3 | Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Gut Microbiota and Cognitive function

Role of Ramadan Fasting-Induced Gut Microbiota Restructuration in Cognitive Function: A Scoping Review
Faheem Mustafa^1,2, Rabia Ali³, Aiza Talat², Ramsha Ajmal², Humna Atiq², Muhammad Junaid⁴, Rabiatul Adawiyah Binti Umar¹, Wan Rohani Wan Taib¹, Shivani Chopra⁵, Hitesh Chopra⁶ Che Suhaili binti Che Taha¹ and Tabarak Malik⁷
1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia
2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
3. University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
4. Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
5. Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai – 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
6. Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
7. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Ethiopia
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100168

Fig 1 | Visual representation of the station rotation model used in the OlympicFUN program

Integrating Olympic Values into Competence-based Learning: A mixed methods study
Kateryna Kostrikova¹ , Andrii Danyshchuk², Vasyl Voloshchuk³, Serhii Kuryliuk⁴, Roman Biloshapka³, Yaroslav Yatsiv⁵ and Ihor Balkovyi⁶
1. Kherson State University, 27 Universytetska Street, Kherson, 73000, Ukraine https://ror.org/04cbe1f31
2. Department of Sports and Pedagogical Disciplines, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Vasyl Stefanyk Carpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
3. Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Vasyl Stefanyk Carpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
4. Psychology, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Vasyl Stefanyk Carpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
5. Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
6. University Teacher, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Kherson State University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100167

Fig 1 | CAR-T cell therapy: therapeutic mechanism and structural evolution from first to fifth generation receptors

CAR-T Cell Therapy: Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment and its Implications for Future Therapeutic Strategies: A Review
Palak Parmar, Sangeeta Dwivedi , Vikas K. Jain, Hariom Carpenter and Gajanand Darwhekar
Department of Pharmacology, Acropolis Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100162

Fig 2 | Class distribution before and after applying SMOTE

Predicting Chronic Kidney Disease with Hybrid Machine Learning Models and Feature Selection for Improved Accuracy: An Experimental Study
Ganesh Babu Matcha¹ and Venkata Gurumurthy Reddy Saragada²
1. Ph.D Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GST, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh, India
2. Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GST, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100159

“Boxed infographic summarising an IoT anomaly detection study using the TON_IoT dataset and a hybrid CNN–RNN model, showing 92.1% detection accuracy, 3.7% false positives, and low latency, with sections on background, dataset, model architecture, and results.”

Anomaly Detection Techniques for Securing IoT Endpoints: A Machine Learning Approach
Kamran Asgarov
Department of Engineering Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, Azerbaijan Technical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100175

Fig 1 | Thematic map: relations between themes Source: Compiled by the authors.

The Application of International Agile Methodology Principles in Supply Chain Management for Foreign Economic Activity
Vadym Borsa , Nataliiya Derzhak, Tetiana Mykytenko, Tetiana Chorna and Iryna Sahaidak
Department of Customs and Commodity Studies, State Tax University, Irpin, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100174

Fig 1 | Flowchart of literature search and selection process. Source: Compiled by the authors.

The Task of Mathematical Modelling Using a Programming Language: A Scoping Review
Aliima Mamatkasymova¹, Gulaim Zikirova², Gulmira Saparova³ , Bektur Omurzakov² and Sonun Asanova⁴
1. Department of Exact Sciences, Osh Technological University named after M.M. Adyshev, Osh, Kyrgyz Republic
2. Department of Humanities, Pedagogical and IT Technologies, Osh Technological University named after M.M. Adyshev, Osh, Kyrgyz Republic
3. Department of Applied Mathematics, Osh Technological University named after M.M. Adyshev, Osh, Kyrgyz Republic
4. Department of Applied Informatics, Osh Technological University named after M.M. Adyshev, Osh, Kyrgyz Republic
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100173

“Infographic summarising how iron and silicon alloying affect the structure, hardness, density, and thermal stability of Ti–Al–C MAX-phase materials, highlighting experimental methods, key results, and conclusions.”

Effect of Iron and Silicon on the Formation of the Structure and Properties of Alloyed MAX-Phase Alloys: An Experimental Study
Marine Sasuntsyan , Suren Aghbalyan, Nina Sahakyan and Serob Hayrapetyan
Institute of Mining Metallurgy and Chemical Technologies, National Polytechnic University of Armenia, 105 Teryan Str., Yerevan, Armenia
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100172

Fig 1 | CONSORT flow chart of participant movement: registration, allocation, follow-up, and analysis

Pedagogical Innovations in the Use of Virtual Reality for Educational Purposes: An Experimental Study
Larysa Maftyn¹, Qi Wang², Kaloyan Damyanov³, Maryna Golovchenko⁴ and Nataliia Filipchuk⁴
1. Department of Pedagogy and Methods of Primary Education, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
2. International College of Digital Innovation, Chiangmai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
3. Faculty of Educational Studies and the Arts, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
4. Department of Content and Technologies of Pedagogical Education, Ivan Ziaziun Institute of Pedagogical Education and Adult Education of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100169

Fig 6 | Scheme of automated testing and disaster recovery planning Source: Created by the author. Note: CI/CD – Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment.

Approaches to Fault Tolerance and Disaster Recovery in DevOps Processes
Maksym Karyonov
Faculty of Information Technology and Cyber Security, State University of Intellectual Technologies and Communications, Odesa, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100165

Fig 2 | A theoretical framework for incorporating internet platforms into the educational experience of students in Kyrgyzstan Source: Created by the authors based on Lewin et al.28, Marshall et al.29, Maryani et al.30

The Impact of Digital Technologies on Improving the Quality of Education: Analysing the Effectiveness of Online Platforms in the Educational Process—A Mixed Methods Study
Urmat Moldosanov¹, Zhyldyz Dzhetybaeva², Nurgul Anarbekova³ and Amanbek Narkoziev⁴
1. Senior Lecturer, Department of Software Engineering, International University of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
2. Acting Dean, Faculty of Innovative Distance Learning, International University of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
3. Head, Lecturer, Subject-Cycle Commission on Information Technologies, K. Tynystanov Issyk-Kul State University, Karakol, Kyrgyz Republic
4. Head, Professor, Full Doctor, Department of Philology and Communication, International University of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100166

Fig 4 | Diagram of average NDVI values in the study areas

Automation of Agricultural Data Processing Using Computer Vision and IoT Technologies: An Experimental Study
Andrii Povsheniuk
Department of Computer Sciences and Applied Mathematics, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100163

Fig 1 | Flow of the quasi-experimental design illustrating participant selection, non-randomised group assignment, learning activities, data collection, and analysis stages

Investigation of Students’ learning Behaviour Using Artificial Intelligence: A Qualitative Study
Zhipeng Du , Gulmira Karabalaeva, Zongjie Zhou, Avazbek Atakhanov and Zhyldyz Kozhomberdieva
Kyrgyz National University named after Jusup Balasagyn, 547 Frunze Street, Kyrgyzstan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100160

Fig 2 | Checklist for pharmacologic therapy initiation according to the 2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults.21 BP, Blood Pressure; CVD, Cardiovascular Disease; ASCVD, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease; HTN, Hypertension; ACC, American College of Cardiology; AHA, American Heart Association; PCEs, pooled cohort equations; PREVENT, AHA Predicting Risk of CVD EVENTs (equation)

Updates on the Clinical Management of Hypertension: A Narrative Review
Saheed E. Sanyaolu¹ , Adekoyejo A. Sowunmi1,², Peyibomi Z. Kadejo¹, Rilwan A. Mabadeje¹, Ajibola A. Sotannde¹ and Diana O. Wilson³
1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
2. Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
3. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa, Nigeria
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100158

Fig 2 | Proposed semantic-aware behavioral routing framework (SBRF) architecture

AI-Powered Personalized Path Planning Using User Behavioural Patterns and Semantic Context for Smart Navigation Systems
Saranya Chandrabose and Janaki Gopalakrishnan
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100149

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Evolution of Graphic Design: Current Practices and Challenges
ShengDong Zhou , Eakachat Joneuraratana, Veerawat Sirvesmas and Pairoj Jamuni
Faculty of Decorative Arts, Silpakorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100151

Fig 1 | AI and exposure to occupation Brazil Source: Compiled by the author based on F. Filippucci et al.30

AI and Open Government Data: Economic Transparency and Market Competitiveness: A Mixed Methods Study
Vjollca Hasani
Faculty of Economy, AAB College, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100161

“Educational infographic illustrating the legislative pillars of administrative reform, featuring five colorful columns labeled institutional, personnel, political-legal, technological, and social-public, along with sections for background, methods, reform principles, and conclusion.”

Legislative Pillars of Administrative Bodies’ Functioning and Organizational Behavior Under recent Reforms
Vitalii Vdovichen¹ , Stanislav Sokha², Yevhenii Radzikhovskyi³, Dymytrii Grytsyshen⁴ and Oleksandr Zinevych⁵
1. Doctor of Law, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Law, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
2. Candidate of Law Sciences, Doctoral Student of the Department of Law and Law Enforcement, Department of National Security, Public Management and Administration, Faculty of National Security, Law and International Relations, Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine
3. Master’s Degree, PhD Student, Department of Public Administration, Educational and Scientific Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
4. Doctor of Sciences in Public Administration, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Vice-Rector for Scientific and Pedagogical Work and Innovative Development, Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine
5. PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kyiv, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100157

“Colorful educational infographic illustrating how digital technologies transform art education, showing students using tablets, computers, and VR headsets, with sections on aim, methods, results, challenges, and future prospects including AI and 3D printing.”

Use of Digital Technologies in the Process of Teaching Art Education to Students: A Mixed Methods Study
Chongyang Zhang¹ , Gulmira Karabalaeva², Jie Yu¹, Bingjie Han¹ and Nurbubu Asipova²
1. Department of Postgraduate, PhD and Doctorate, Kyrgyz State University Named After Ishenaly Arabaev, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
2. Department of Higher Education Pedagogy, Jusup Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100140

Fig 2 | AI adoption trends among elderly

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Quality of Life of the Elderly: New Opportunities for Future Generations — A Mixed Methods Study
Durdana Abdullayeva
Faculty of Information Technologies and Telecommunications, Azerbaijan Technical University, 25 Huseyn Cavid Ave., Baku, Azerbaijan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100152

Fig 1 | Flowchart depicting the process of identifying, evaluating, excluding, and including studies

Application of Information Technologies to Solve Practical Problems in Mathematics and Computer Science – A Systematic Review
Dmytrii Verbivskyi,¹ Serhii Zhukovskyi,¹ Olena Usata,¹ Olena Fonariuk² and Viktoriia Humeniuk¹
1. Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine
2. Departments of Algebra and Geometry, Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100153

Fig 2 | Examples of practical use of the “Osso VR” platform Source: Compiled by the authors.

Multidisciplinary Applications of VR&AR Technologies in Professional Training: A Multicentre Simulation Study
Ivan Marchenko¹ , Iryna Yan², Anton Yarmonik³, Serhii Marchenko⁴ and Tetiana Zhuravlova⁵
1. Postgraduate Student, Department of Film Directing and Screenwriting, Kyiv National I. K. Karpenko-Kary University of Theatre, Cinema and Television, Kyiv, Ukraine
2. Full Doctor, Department of Music Education, Kyiv National I. K. Karpenko-Kary University of Theatre, Cinema and Television, Kyiv, Ukraine
3. Postgraduate Student, Department of Television Directing, Kyiv National I. K. Karpenko-Kary University of Theatre, Cinema and Television, Kyiv, Ukraine
4. Department of Film Directing and Screenwriting, Kyiv National I. K. Karpenko-Kary University of Theatre, Cinema and Television, Kyiv, Ukraine
5. Department of Film Studies, Kyiv National I. K. Karpenko-Kary University of Theatre, Cinema and Television, Kyiv, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14: 100150

Transforming Higher Education Through Modern Strategies for Implementing Generative AI in Educational Programs: A Mixed Methods Study
Xi Cheng¹, Huang Yuansheng², Zhang Weixiao², Gulmira Karabalaeva³ and Aisulu Bayalieva³
1. Jusup Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
2. Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
3. Department of Pedagogy of Higher School, Jusup Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100141

Fig 3 | Frequency and types of infographics used by students in practical classes Source: Developed by the author.

Infographics as a Modern Trend and an Effective Tool for Optimising the Process of Training Students: A Qualitative Study
Liliіa Ruskulis¹ , Olha Demianenko², Nina Slyusarenko³, Kateryna Mikryukova⁴, Andrii Gurduz⁴ and Dmytro Rodionov⁵
1. Doctor of Science in Pedagogics, Professor, Department of the Ukrainian Language, Literature and Teaching Methodology, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
2. Candidate of Sciences in Pedagogics, Associate Professor of the Department of Germanic Philology, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
3. Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Full Professor, Professor of Ye. Petukhov Department of Pedagogy, Psychology and Educational Management, Kherson State University, Kherson, Ukraine
4. Candidate of Sciences in Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of the Ukrainian Language, Literature and Teaching Methodology, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
5. Applicant Postgraduate Student, Vasyl Sukhomlynskyi Educational and Scientific Institute of Pedagogy, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100134

Fig 1 | Cosine similarity (means and standard errors) between the semantically transparent as well as the opaque complex words and their respective base words, by vector type (compositional vs. observed). Left panel: Similarities computed for the German item set. Right panel: Similarities computed for the English item set27 *presented in original

Comparative Study of Language Structure and Grammatical Universals
Iryana Horokhova
Dragomanov Ukrainian State University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100126

Fig 2 | Receiver operating characteristic curve

Modern Anomaly Detection Methods in Industry: A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms and Their Application to Improve the Efficiency of Manufacturing Processes
Kanan Mikayilov and Latafat Gardashova
Department of Computer Engineering, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100154

Fig 1 | Breakdown of respondents by gender (a) and year of study (b) Source: Created by the author based on a questionnaire.

Educational Milieu at Universities: Implementation of Inclusive Methods in High School Studies
Yuliia Bondarenko¹ , Natalia Buhlai², Nataliia Tymofiienko³, Iryna Orlenko⁴ and Inna Lytvyn⁵
1. Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Department of Special and Inclusive Education, Educational and Scientific Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A. S. Makarenko, Sumy, Ukraine
2. Doctor of Historical Sciences, Docent, Professor of History Department, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
3. Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Docent, Department of Deaf Pedagogy and Deaf Psychology named after M. D. Yarmachenko, Faculty of Special and Inclusive Education, Ukrainian State University named after Mykhailo Drahomanov, Kyiv, Ukraine
4. PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Special and Inclusive Education and Rehabilitation, State Institution, South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky, Odesa, Ukraine
5. Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Department of Primary Education, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy, Cherkasy, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100129

Figure 1: Dynamics of development of information security system elements in the Kyrgyz Republic following international standards ISO/IEC 27000 (2020–2024), % Source: Compiled by the authors based on research materials by Maralbaeva, Usmonov.2,30

International Information Security in the Era of Technological Transformation: A Mixed Methods Study
Abdisamat Sagymbaev¹, Tayr Moydunov² , Nazgul Erkinbaeva², Aamat Artykov³ and Irsalat Ormonova²
1. Department of Communication Network and Switching Systems, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after B.N. Yeltsin, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
2. Department of Communication Network and Telecommunication Systems, Osh Technological University named after M.M. Adyshev, Osh, Kyrgyz Republic
3. Department of Business Informatics and Information Economics, Osh Technological University named after M.M. Adyshev, Osh, Kyrgyz Republic
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100123

Fig 1 | PRISMA-ScR flowchart: study selection process

Use of Virtual Reality for Inclusive Education: Assessing the Availability and Adaptation of Educational Materials
Nurkasym Arkabaev¹ , Dinh Van Tran², Van Truong Chu³, Sabohat Hashimova⁴ and Saodat Nasirova⁴
1. Osh State University, Osh, Kyrgyz Republic
2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, East Asia University of Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
3. Department of Research and Development, Hexagon Consulting Hub, Hanoi, Vietnam
4. Higher School of Sinology, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100148

Figure 4: Aspects of academic dishonesty impact, average score on a scale of 0-5. Source: Systematised based on data from the National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance (2021).22

Ensuring Research Excellence: The Indispensable Role of Academic Integrity
Oksana Braslavska¹ , Olena Kunderevych², Olena Popadych³, Tetiana Kolechyntseva⁴ and Olha Rylova⁵
1. Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Geography and Tourism, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Melitopol, Ukraine; Professor of the Department of Geography and Tourism, Ferenc Racoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Berehove, Ukraine
2. Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Pedagogy, Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, Kyiv, Ukraine
3. Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the Department of General Pedagogy and Pedagogy of Higher Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, State University “Uzhhorod National University”, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
4. PhD in Pedagogy, Associate Professor, Department of Natural Sciences, Marine Engineering Faculty, Kherson State Maritime Academy, Kherson, Ukraine
5. Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophical and Political Sciences, Cherkasy State Technological University, Cherkasy, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100128

Fig 1 | Recommendations and suggestions for improving the legislative framework in the field of family rights

Legal Framework and Practical Dimensions of Marital and Family Rights: A Doctrinal and Comparative Legal Review
Denys Sydorenko¹ , Oleg Oksaniuk², Volodymyr Vatras³, Oleh Omelchuk⁴ and Serhii Sabluk⁵
1. Candidate of Legal Sciences, Director of Kommersant Ukraine LLC, Kyiv, Ukraine
2. Candidate of Juridical Sciences, Advocate, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
3. Doсtor of Science of Law, Professor, Department of Civil Law and Process, Leonid Yuzkov Khmelnytskyi University of Management and Law, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
4. Doctor of Law Sciences, Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Process, Faculty of Law, Leonid Yuzkov Khmelnytskyi University of Management and Law, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
5. Doctor of Science of Law, Law Professor, Vinnytskyi City Court of Vinnytsia Oblast, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100127

Fig 1 | Combating MDR bacteria using bacteriophages in hospital settings

Bacteriophage Therapy in Intensive Care Units: A Targeted Strategy to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Infections – A Review
Vishnuprasadh Azhagiya Manavalan¹, Saranya Vinayagam², Thanigaivel Sundaram¹ , Shivani Chopra², Hitesh Chopra³ and Tabarak Malik^4,5
1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
2. Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
3. Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Ethiopia
5. Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100120

Fig 1 | Investment activity of small and medium-sized enterprises by sector of activity Source: Compiled by the author based on data from the Official website of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine.

Strategic Oversight of Enterprise Innovation and Investment Growth: A Narrative Review
Ivan Vorobiov¹ , Nadiia Vasylieva², Lesia Sakun³, Tamila Bilousko⁴ and Iryna Chukaieva⁵
1. Sumy National Agrarian University, Department of Management named after Professor L.I. Mykhailova. Sumy, Ukraine2. Ukrainian Catholic University, Lviv Business School, Department of Technology Management. Lviv, Ukraine3. Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, Department of Management and Marketing. Kremenchuk, Ukraine4. State Biotechnological University, Department of Economics and Business, Kharkiv, Ukraine5. State institution “Institute of Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Infrastructure Development Department, Kyiv, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100113

Fig 1 | Summary of key findings of the study

Modern Navigation Systems and their Role in Increasing the Safety of Marine Transportation: A Simulation Study
Parmen Khvedelidze , Dursun Tsintsadze, Giorgi Kikvidze, Valerian Imnaishvili and Nino Beridze
Faculty of Maritime Engineering, Batumi Navigation Teaching University, Batumi, Georgia
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100139

Fig 2 | The three-pillar model of AI-biomechanics. Smart textiles provide continuous sensing, edge AI enables on-device processing, and multimodal dashboards integrate data streams. Together, these pillars allow real-time monitoring, performance optimisation, and injury prevention in sports Abbreviations: AI = artificial intelligence; IMU = inertial measurement unit.

Wearables, Smart Textiles & AI Biomechanics in Sports: A Narrative Review
Iftikhar Khan¹ , Sawaira Murad², Maliha Khalid³, Hussain Ramzan⁴and Hira Hashim Khan⁵
1. FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
2. Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
3. Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
4. Nishtar Medical University and Hospital, Multan, Pakistan
5. School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100112

Fig 1 | a) Tendons connect muscles to bones, anchoring to bone at the enthesis and to muscle at the myotendinous junction. They are primarily made of type I collagen fibres arranged in a highly organised spatial structure. b) Type I collagen is the main structural element of tendons, which produces the α1(I) and α2(I) collagen chains. These chains form triple-helical molecules, typically composed of two α1(I) and one α2(I) chains, which assemble into fibrils that group into larger collagen fibres. Fibres are enclosed by the endotenon, a connective tissue that also houses fibroblasts. Multiple fibre bundles together to form fascicles. The entire tendon is wrapped by an outer connective tissue layer called the epitenon, which itself is surrounded by the paratenon

Recovery Strategies After Tendon Injuries in Athletes: A Review of Current Evidence
Maria Arshad¹, Dana F. Flavin² and Jamal Abdul Nasir³
1. Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
2. Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio, 44, 00193 Rome, Italy
3. Department of Chemistry, Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100119

Fig 2 | Structure and parameters of a queuing system with a shared queue Source: Compiled by the authors.

Investigation of the Analytical Model of a Queue to Several Servers of Computer Networks with Priority Maintenance
Zakir Huseynov, Zaman Zeynalov, Bahariyya Mammadova, Anar Guliyev and Gultekin Gadimli
Department of Information Technologies, Azerbaijan State Agricultural University, 450 Ataturk Ave., Ganja, Azerbaijan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100117

Fig 4 | Automation of particular security management processes to minimize the risk of human factor, % Source: Davis et al.,14 Widarni and Bawono29

Psyche Components in the Organization of Safety Systems: the Role of a Person in the Protection of Facilities and Information Resources: A Systematic Review
Maryna Dub¹ , Nataliia Rebenok², Oleksii Poliakov³, Artur Maziashvili⁴ and Bohdan Morklyanyk⁵
1. Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Psychology, Pedagogy and Social Work, Faculty of Humanities and Economics, Augustyn Voloshyn Carpathian University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
2. Candidate of Juridical Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor of the Department of Psychology, Educational and Scientific Institute of Law and Psychology, National Academy of Internal Affairs, Kyiv, Ukraine
3. Postgraduate Student, Teacher of the Department of Law Enforcement and Anti-corruption Activities, Educational and Scientific Institute of Law named after Prince Vladimir the Great, PJSC “Higher Educational Institution “Interregional Academy of Personnel Management”, Kyiv, Ukraine
4. Postgraduate Student of the Department of “Economics and Management of Industrial and Commercial Business” / Assistant of the Department of Transport Communication, Faculty of Economics, Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, Kharkiv, Ukraine
5. Professor of the Department of Information Technology, Military Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100115

Fig 1| Phonostylistic competence concept Source: Created by the authors

Phonetic and Stylistic Training as a Component of Communicative Skills for Language Teachers: An interdisciplinary and linguodidactic analysis
Halyna Kuznetsova¹ , Nataliya Maftyn², Iryna Danylchenko³, Maryna Kabysh⁴ and Liubov Luchkina-Zahorodnia⁵
1. Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Ukrainian Language, Literature and Teaching Methods, Educational Scientific Institute of Philology and History, Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Hlukhiv, Ukraine
2. Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor, Department of Ukrainian Literature, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
3. Candidate Pedagogical Science, Associate Professor, Department of Preschool Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Preschool Education, Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Hlukhiv, Ukraine
4. Doctor of Pedagogic Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Department of the Ukrainian Language, Literature and Teaching Methods, Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology and History, Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Hlukhiv, Ukraine
5. Candidate of Pedagogical Science, Associated Professor, Department of Ukrainian Language, Literature and Teaching Methods, Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology and History, Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Hlukhiv, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100111

Fig 1 | Cost-benefit analysis of simulation-based training Source: Compiled by the authors based on Y. Su and Y. Zeng.37

Modelling Processes of Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation Care in Crisis Situations: Utilisation of Simulation Trainers and Models for Training Medical Professionals–A Multifactorial Analysis
Zhyldyzgul Derkembaeva
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care for Pre- and Postgraduate Education,
I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100118

Fig 2 | Conceptual framework of UAV swarm communication system across layers and mission profiles

Data Transmission Between a Drone Swarm and a Ground Base: Modern Methods and Technologies—A Narrative Review
Roman Zaivyi , Oleh Melnychok and Vitalii Skochelias
Institute of Information and Communication Technologies and Electronic Engineering, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100116

Fig 2 | Factors influencing the threat of war on the socio-psychological paradigm of development of Ukrainians and Poles, % Source: Ukrainian Center for Independent Political Research (2023)

Crisis Communications as a Factor of Psychosocial Stress in Human Resource Management: A Qualitative Study
Liudmyla Mialkovska¹ , Olha Pimenova², Nadiia Savchuk³, Hanna Moklytsia⁴, Liudmyla Stasiuk⁵ and Kateryna Shkarlatiuk⁶
1. Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor, Foreign and Ukrainian Philology Department, Faculty of Digital Educational and Social Technologies, Lutsk National Technical University, Lutsk, Ukraine2. PhD in Sociology, Associate Professor, Department of Social and Humanitarian Technologies, Faculty of Digital Educational and Social Technologies, Lutsk National Technical University, Lutsk, Ukraine3. PhD in Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Social and Humanitarian Technologies, Faculty of Digital Educational and Social Technologies, Lutsk National Technical University, Lutsk, Ukraine4. PhD in Philology, Senior Lecturer, Department of Social and Humanitarian Technologies, Faculty of Digital Educational and Social Technologies, Lutsk National Technical University, Lutsk, Ukraine
5. PhD of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Special and Inclusive Education, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk, Ukraine6. PhD in Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Social and Humanitarian Technologies, Faculty of Digital Educational and Social Technologies, Lutsk National Technical University, Lutsk, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100114

Fig 1 | Results of the initial diagnostic assessment of students’ artistic and creative activity Note: data is presented as a percentage of the maximum possible score for each criterion Source: Compiled by the authors

Application of Audiovisual Technologies in Art Education: An Experimental Study
Jie Yu¹, Nurbubu Asipova², Bingjie Han¹, Chongyang Zhang¹ and Aisulu Bayalieva²
1. Kyrgyz State University I. Arabaev, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
2. Department of Higher Education Pedagogy, Jusup Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100108

"Infographic on innovative methods for teaching ancient architecture using digital tools and project-based learning."

Innovative Methods of Teaching Ancient Architectural Design: Enhancing Practical Skills with Digital Tools and Project-Based Learning
Jiaqi Yin^1,2, Gulnaz Adylbek Kyzy¹, Na Li^1,2 and Muxin Duan¹
1. Faculty of Pedagogy, Jusup Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
2. Department of Architecture, Henan Technical College of Construction, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100110

Fig 4 | Overlay UV spectra of cinnamaldehyde (λmax 290 nm), cinnamic acid (λmax 270 nm), and eugenol (λmax 280 nm) in the herbal formulation

Simultaneous Estimation of Cinnamaldehyde, Cinnamic Acid, and Eugenol in Herbal Formulation by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
Neha Sisodiya Thakur^1,3, Dishant Gupta², Archana Dubey Tiwari¹ and Pawan Kumar Dubey²
1. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Indore, India
2. Department of Pharmacognosy, Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Indore, India
3. Acropolis Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Indore, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100109

Fig 1 | Dependence of CAR on the ESG index and the digital maturity index in Ukrainian Banks in 2023–2024 Source: Created by the author based on National Bank of Ukraine17,39 and PrivatBank19,20

Analytical Modeling in Financial Institution Management – Integrating Stability and Sustainable Development Principles
Oleh Zhelavskyi
Department of Mathematics and Information Technologies, University of Economics and Entrepreneurship, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;13:100103

Fig 2 | Load Management and injury reduction with lifting Notes: Acute workload = last week’s average workload; chronic workload = previous month’s average workload; workload = training load = RPE × minutes, where RPE = rate of perceived exertion on a 0–10 scale; Sweet spot = acute workload/chronic workload, where injury risk is low. Redrawn from Blanch and Gabbett28

Emerging Frontiers in Load Management and Injury Prevention in Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review
Abdullah Mahmood
University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;13:100102

Fig 1 | Distribution of students’ responses regarding the influence of inclusion, counseling, and resilience on leadership development (n = 187)

Nurturing Command Capacities in Academic Scholars: A Quantitative Survey
Lesia Honcharenko¹, Natalia Demyanenko², Mykola Moskalenko³, Tetiana Shvets⁴ and Tetiana Zakharina⁵
1. Department of Legal Disciplines, Sumy Branch of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Sumy, Ukraine
2. Department of Pedagogy, Pedagogical Faculty, Mychailo Dragomanov Ukrainian State University, Kyiv, Ukraine
3. Department of Biology and Methods of Teaching Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Sumy State
Pedagogical University named after A. S. Makarenko, Sumy, Ukraine
4. Private School «Athens» in Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
5. Department of Social Rehabilitation and Social Pedagogy, Faculty of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;13:100105

Fig 4 | Representative X-ray crystallography output. Illustrative example of a high-resolution (≈2.0 Å) electron density map and corresponding atomic model. This figure was created de novo by the authors for educational purposes only and does not represent newly determined data

Nanopore and AI-Assisted Decoding of Posttranslational Modifications–A Narrative Review
Ambreen Ilyas¹ and Khadija Batool²
1. University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
2. University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;13:100106

Nano Beauty 2.0: Exploring Nanotechnology in Cosmetic Delivery–A Systematic Review
Nisha Gour, Akanksha Dwivedi and Gajanan Narayanrao Darwhekare
Department of Pharmacy, Acropolis Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Indore-453771, Madhya Pradesh, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;13:100107

Fig 1 | Within each clinical subtype, there are multiple molecular subtypes: ER, TNBC, and HER2.

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Molecular Subtypes, Therapeutic Challenges, and Emerging Strategies: A Systematic Review
Akshita Vyas, Sumeet Dwivedi, Sweta S. Koka, Gajanan Narayanrao Darwhekar
Acropolis Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Indore, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;13:100101

"Infographic on maintaining the rule of law and human rights in Ukraine during armed conflict and martial law."

The Rule of Law: Peculiarities and its Implementation during the Armed Conflict in Ukraine – A Comparative Analysis
Vladyslav Novitskyi¹, Volodymyr Demydenko², Andrii Andreikiv³, Lidiia Vdovichena⁴
and Oleksii Volokhov¹
1. Department of Theory of State and Law, V. M. Koretsky Institute of State and Law, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
2. Department of Constitutional Law and Human Rights, National Academy of Internal Affairs, Kyiv, Ukraine
3. Kyiv University “KAI”, Kyiv, Ukraine
4. Department of Public Law, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;13:100104

Transforming Patient-Provider Communication: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Advancing Health Literacy – A Comprehensive Review
Ubaid Tanzim¹, Imaad Ali Khan², Matthew Abikenari³, Rawaha Husam Al-Deen^2,4, Lukon Miah⁵, Mohammed Blaaza⁶, Mohammed Bilal Aziz⁷, Yaseen Mukadam⁸ and Ahmed Kerwan⁹
1. Internal Medicine, University College London Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, England
2. Internal Medicine, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, England
3. Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
4. Urology, King’s College London, London, England
5. Radiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, England
6. Radiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, England
7. Internal Medicine, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Burnley, England
8. Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
9. Public Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2025;13:100095

Fig 2 | The level of integration of linguistic and cultural programs in foreign language education in European countries, percentage of students involved Source: Created by the authors

Mental Mechanisms of Foreign Vocabulary Acquisition Within Innovative Educational Approaches – A Systematic Review
Mariana Broda¹, Kaleriia Kovalova², Iryna Bezugla², Olesia Stoika³ and Kateryna Mulyk⁴
1. Department of English Language Practice and Teaching Methodology, Faculty of Ukrainian and Foreign Philology, Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine
2. Department of Foreign Languages and Cross-Cultural Communication, Faculty of Training Foreign Citizens, Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Kharkiv, Ukraine
3. Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Foreign Philology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
4. Department of Germanic and Oriental Languages and Methods of their Teaching, Faculty of Foreign Languages, South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University K. D. Ushynsky, Odesa, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;13:100100

Fig 1 | Research design Source: Created by the author

Relationship Between Nutritional Risk Index and Inflammatory Markers in Metabolic Syndrome—Synergy and Clinical Significance in Geriatrics: A Systematic Review
He GangKui
Dazhou Second People’s Hospital, Dazhou, China
Premier Journal of Science 2025;13:100099

Fig 2 | Comparative analysis of motivation and satisfaction with the English language course among students in Groups I and II Source: Created by the authors based on a survey

Digital Transformations in Learning: New Approaches to Teaching Foreign Languages in the Modern Educational Environment
Anzhelika Yanovets¹, Tetiana Bondar¹, Alla Kozak², Tetiana Knysh³, Anastasiia Shevchuk¹ and Iryna Voitenko¹
1. Department of Foreign and Ukrainian Philology, Faculty of Digital Educational and Social Technologies, Lutsk National Technical University, Lutsk, Ukraine
2. Department of Foreign Languages and Translation, International Relations Faculty, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk, Ukraine
3. Department of Foreign Languages for Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;13:100098

Fig 2 | Structural overview of the SARS-CoV-2 virion. The figure depicts key viral components, including spike (S), membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins surrounding the positive-sense RNA genome

Decoding the Role of NF-κB Signaling in COVID-19 Severity and Inflammation
Ambreen Ilyas
School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;13:100097

Fig 2 | Dialectic of prospects and challenges of digitalization and innovation of social work Source: compiled by the author based on Afrouz and Lucas;53 Bengtsson and Bønnhoff;54 Danyliuk and Mandzyuk;55 Jacob and Souissi;38 Jansen et al.;23 Markovič;7 Nikitenko et al.;29 Reamer;49 Rodríguez and Ferreira;18 Santhi and Veeranjaneyulu;50 Vdovina et al.;56 Zenarolla21

The Domain of Social Services in the Twenty-First Century: Digital Transformation and Innovative Development within New Paradigms
Oksana Maiboroda¹, Natalia Sushyk², Oksana Silvestrova¹, Olena Haponchuk¹ and Yaroslava Martyniuk¹
1. Department of Social and Humanitarian Technologies, Faculty of Digital Educational and Social Technologies, Lutsk National Technical University, Lutsk, Ukraine
2. Department of Social Work and Pedagogy of Higher School, Faculty of Pedagogical Education and Social Work, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk, Ukraine
Premier Journal of Science 2025;13:100096

Fig 1 | Effects of exercise on the immune system4

The Role of Exercise in Mitigating Cancer Treatment Side Effects: A Comprehensive Review
Riaz Ahmed
Military College of Signals NUST, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;12:100094

Figure 7: Roadmap to achieving standardized DFU management with AI integration.

Assessing the Efficacy of AI Models in Medical Imaging Analysis for the Early Identification of Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Gangrene: A Review
Azza Moustafa Fahmy
Professor, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
Premier Journal of Science 2025;12:100093

AI-Driven Advancements in Biomaterials Science: A Narrative Review
Sonali Patel, Akanksha Dwivedi and G.N. Darwhekar
Department of Pharmacy, Acropolis Insitute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Indore-453771, M.P., India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;12:100092

Figure 5: Coinfection in regulating the immune response.12

COVID-19 and Co-Infections: A Review of Clinical Implications and Management Challenges
Riaz Ahmed
Department of Medical Sciences, Military College of Signals NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;11:100091

Fig 9 | (A) Illustration of the synthesis process for Ta4C3 combined with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and soybean phospholipids, forming a multifunctional nanocomposite designed for MRI/CT dual-modal imaging and PTT-guided breast cancer treatment.108 (B) Diagram showing the fabrication of Ti3C2@Au nanostructures, subsequent PEGylation, and their use in dual-mode photoacoustic/computed tomography (PA/CT) imaging and PTT-enhanced radiotherapy.109 (C) Conceptual representation of a therapeutic approach using MXene nanosheets loaded with superparamagnetic IONPs and glucose oxidase (GOD), demonstrating a cascade therapy effect driven by PTT and catalytic activity109

MXene Materials for Biomedical Applications
Md. Saiful Islam¹ and Mubashwera Firoz²
1. Centre for Green Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, INTI International University, Putra Nilai, Malaysia
2. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, KUET, Khulna, Bangladesh
Premier Journal of Science 2025;11:100090

Fig 1 | A multistakeholder, multidimensional framework for evaluating clinical AI tools. This conceptual model situates the clinical AI tool (LLMs or decision support systems) at the center of a multilayered evaluation ecosystem. Six critical evaluation dimensions—clinical integration, fairness, usability, long-term monitoring, safety, and interpretability—are depicted as core evaluation targets. Surrounding these dimensions are five stakeholder groups (clinicians, patients, regulators, academic researchers, and industry developers), each with unique priorities and tensions that shape AI validation and adoption. This framework underscores the need for harmonized, iterative, and context-sensitive assessments in the deployment of clinical AI.

Reframing Clinical AI Evaluation in the Era of Generative Models: Toward Multidimensional, Stakeholder-Informed, and Safety-Centric Frameworks for Real-World Health care Deployment.
Matthew Abikenari¹, M. Hassan Awad², Sammy Korouri³, Kimia Mohseni⁴, Derek Abikenari⁵,
René Freichel⁶, Yaseen Mukadam⁷, Ubaid Tanzim⁸, Amin Habib⁹ and Ahmed Kerwan¹⁰
1. Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
2. Department of Management, The College of Business and Economics, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
3. Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
4. Department of Psychobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
5. Department of Philosophy, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA
6. Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
7. Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guys and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UK
8. Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
9. Department of Radiology, Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Southend-on-Sea, UK
10. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, MA, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2025;11:100089

Fig 2 | Conceptual illustration of a periodized training load over an annual season. Training load (y-axis) varies across macrocycles: after an off-season (low load), load builds in a preparatory phase (volume focus), then intensity increases in the precompetition phase (with volume tapering slightly). Planned recovery weeks (dips in the curve) are inserted to dissipate fatigue. A taper period before the main competition markedly drops the load (to ~50–60% of peak) to optimize recovery. This pattern helps athletes peak at competition while minimizing injuries from chronic overload. (Adapted from classic periodization models1)

Load Management and Injury Prevention in Elite Athletes: A Narrative Review
Shamsa Kanwal¹, Md Tanzim Ahsan², Rab Nawaz Khan³ and Adil Khan⁴
1. Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
2. Junior Clinical Fellow, Acute Medicine, Writington Wigan and Leigh NHS Trust, Wigan, UK
3. Speciality Doctor (SAS) General, Stroke and Rehabilitation Medicine, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Cwmbran, UK
4. Senior Clinical Fellow General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
Premier Journal of Science 2025;11:100088

Fig 6 | Autonomic dysreflexia pathway showing bladder distension triggering sympathetic vasoconstriction and hypertension28

Advancements in Regenerative Sports Medicine: Exploring the Frontiers of Tissue Engineering and Cellular Therapies in Athletic Injury Management
Riaz Ahmed
Department of Medical Sciences, Military College of Signals, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;11:100087

Figure 1. AI market size 2024-34, source Precedence Research.

Updated Reporting Guidelines in the age of Artificial Intelligence: SCARE, PROCESS, STROCSS and TITAN 2025
Riaz A. Agha¹Ginimol Mathew², Rasha Rashid^3,Ahmed Kerwan⁴,Ahmed Al-Jabir⁵, Catrin Sohrabi², Thomas Franchi⁶, Maria Nicola⁷, Maliha Agha¹
1. Premier Science, London, UK
2. Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
3. Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
4. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
5. University College London Hospital, London, UK
6. Wellington Regional Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Capital Coast and Hutt Valley, Wellington, New Zealand
7. Imperial College London, London, UK
Premier Journal of Science 2025:10;100083

Revised Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guideline: An update for the age of Artificial Intelligence
Ahmed Kerwan¹, Ahmed Al-Jabir², Ginimol Mathew³, Catrin Sohrabi³, Rasha Rashid⁴, Thomas Franchi⁵, Maria Nicola⁶, Maliha Agha⁷, Riaz A. Agha⁷; SCARE Group
1. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
2. University College London Hospital, London, UK
3. Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
4. Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
5. Wellington Regional Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Capital Coast and Hutt Valley, Wellington, New Zealand
6. Imperial College London, London, UK
7. Premier Science, London, UK
Premier Journal of Science 2025:10;100079

Revised Preferred Reporting of Case Series in Surgery (PROCESS) Guideline: An update for the age of Artificial Intelligence
Riaz A. Agha¹Ginimol Mathew², Rasha Rashid^3,Ahmed Kerwan⁴,Ahmed Al-Jabir⁵, Catrin Sohrabi², Thomas Franchi⁶, Maria Nicola⁷, Maliha Agha¹; PROCESS Group
1. Premier Science, London, UK
2. Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
3. Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
4. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
5. University College London Hospital, London, UK
6. Wellington Regional Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Capital Coast and Hutt Valley, Wellington, New Zealand
7. Imperial College London, London, UK
Premier Journal of Science 2025:10;100080

Revised Strengthening the reporting of cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies in surgery (STROCSS) Guideline: An update for the age of Artificial Intelligence
Riaz A. Agha¹Ginimol Mathew², Rasha Rashid^3,Ahmed Kerwan⁴,Ahmed Al-Jabir⁵, Catrin Sohrabi², Thomas Franchi⁶, Maria Nicola⁷, Maliha Agha¹; STROCSS Group
1. Premier Science, London, UK
2. Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
3. Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
4. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
5. University College London Hospital, London, UK
6. Wellington Regional Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Capital Coast and Hutt Valley, Wellington, New Zealand
7. Imperial College London, London, UK
Premier Journal of Science 2025:10;100081

Transparency In The reporting of Artificial INtelligence– the TITAN guideline
Riaz A. Agha¹Ginimol Mathew², Rasha Rashid^3,Ahmed Kerwan⁴,Ahmed Al-Jabir⁵, Catrin Sohrabi², Thomas Franchi⁶, Maria Nicola⁷, Maliha Agha¹; TITAN Group
1. Premier Science, London, UK
2. Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
3. Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
4. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
5. University College London Hospital, London, UK
6. Wellington Regional Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Capital Coast and Hutt Valley, Wellington, New Zealand
7. Imperial College London, London, UK
Premier Journal of Science 2025:10;100082

Fig 1 | The timeline of carbon nanomaterials discovery

The Trio of Carbon Nanomaterials: Fullerene, CNT, and Graphene–
A Review of Their Discovery and Development in the Last Decade
Jyothirmayee Aravind Vishnusekhar
Futurise Consulting, Verona, Wisconsin, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2025;9:100075

Fig 5 | Biomarker map in CSF and blood24

The Long-Term Effects of Repeated Concussions in Contact Sports: A Review of Emerging Biomarkers and Prevention Strategies
Riaz Ahmed
Department of Medical Sciences, Military College of Signals, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;9:100086

Fig 2 | Mechanisms underlying pancreatic islet destruction in diabetes. Pancreatic islet β-cell destruction results from multiple mechanisms, including glucotoxicity, oxidative and ER stress, and superoxide-induced damage. Proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6) drive immune cell infiltration, while autoantibodies, thrombin generation, and platelet activation exacerbate inflammation and impair islet revascularization. Collectively, these processes contribute to β-cell dysfunction and loss

Role of Immune Responses in the Onset and Progression of Type 1 Diabetes: Mechanisms, Mediators, and Therapeutic Prospects
Deeksha Nayak^1,2 and Sumit Sharma¹
1. Nutralytics Edtech LLP, Pune, India
2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, SSCANS, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;9:100085

Fig 2 | Examples of immune checkpoint inhibitors. PD-1, programmed death-1; PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4

Outcomes of Clinical Trials on the Roles of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Management of Lung Cancers: A Comprehensive Review
Saheed E. Sanyaolu¹, Maryam O. Adebayo², Oluwaseun O. Adekoya³, Halimah O. Alao⁴ and Fadilulahi A. Usman⁵
1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
2. University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
3. University of Saskatchewan, Canada
4. Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
5. Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Nigeria
Premier Journal of Science 2025;9:100084

Fig 2 | Nutrient-sensing in unicellular organisms and nutrient- and growth-factor-sensing in multicellular organisms. Inspired by: Vander Heiden, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1160809

Pre-Setting the Metabolic Pathways During Stem Cell Programming
Sai Sudha Purushothaman
Upsurge Labs, Center for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;9:100078

The Impact of Eye-Hand Coordination on Badminton Skill Mastery Among Undergraduate Sports Science Students at the University of Port Harcourt
Daniel Chinonso Ochor and Athanasius Nwanego Amasiatu
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Premier Journal of Science 2025;9:100077

Fig 1 | The image taken by the Hubble telescope reveals some of the faintest and earliest known galaxies. These galaxies can be viewed thanks to gravitational lensing.1 Credit: ESA/NASA

Through the Cosmic Lens: The Science, Challenges, and Future of Gravitational Lensing
Mina Rehman
Freelance Writer, Manchester, UK
Premier Journal of Science 2025;9:100076

Fig 3 | In-situ microbial bioremediation

Innovative Enzymatic and Microbial Approaches for Wastewater Bioremediation: Advances in Enzyme Engineering, Biotechnology, and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Water Management—A Comprehensive Review
Ambreen Ilyas¹ and Khadija Batool²
1School of biological sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
2Institute of Zoology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;9:100074

Fig 1 | Response rates to individual EQ-5D questionnaire items. A significantly lower response rate was observed for the Quality-of-Life item (120 out of 176) compared to the other domains, including mobility, pain and discomfort, self-care, anxiety and depression, and usual activities (P < 0.0001)

Top Two Best Written Abstracts of the Cambridge University Obstetrics & Gynaecology Society Conference
Obstetrics & Gynaecology Society, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
Premier Journal of Science 2025;9:100073

Figure 2: (a) Biofuel yield enhanced through various forms of NPs, (b) Utilizations of NPs as nanocatalysts in diverse phases of biofuel industries,6 (c) Biodiesel production via heterogeneous nanocatalysts19 and (d) The mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis and transesterification using nanotechnology for biofuel generation.15

Biofuel Production: A Nanotechnological Approach
Md. Saiful Islam¹ and Abu Saleh Ahmed²
1. Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering and Technology (BAUET), Natore, Bangladesh
2. School of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology Sarawak (UTS),
Sibu-96000, Sarawak, Malaysia
Premier Journal of Science 2025;9:100072

Fig 3 | Finding particular bioactive compounds among medicinal crops that could serve as powerful antimicrobial agents

Investigating the Antimicrobial Potential of Plant-Based Protein Against Human Pathogens
Saira Sameen, M. Bilal Khalil and M. Usama Khalil
Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;8:100070

Fig 1 | Workflow for functional screenings using CRISPR-Cas. Includes sgRNA design, delivery into cells, assay execution, phenotypic analysis, and validation of findings to explore gene functions and genetic mechanisms

CRISPR-Cas Systems: Origins and their Impact on Functional Genomic
Daniela Rodriguez-Carrascal
Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Premier Journal of Science 2025;8:100069.

Abstracts of the Cambridge University Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Society Conference
CUPRAS.
Premier Journal of Science 2025:PJS.100C1

Fig 1 | Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative conditions. Mitochondrial impairments are a common feature in numerous neurological conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders and complications arising from anti-cancer therapies.95 These dysfunctions encompass a broad spectrum of maladaptations in mitochondrial functions within neurons, such as diminished energy metabolism, disrupted mitophagy, imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), and elevated oxidative stress. Collectively, these alterations contribute significantly to neuronal loss observed in CNS pathologies

Mitochondrial Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Emerging Approaches and Challenges
Monara Kaélle Sérvulo Cruz Angelim
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2025;8:100068

Fig 2 | The T-UCR-based molecular mechanisms that sustain cancer development and progression. (A) uc.283+A interacts with pri-miR-195 and represses its interaction with the microprocessor. (B) When uc.160+CGI interacts with pri-miR-376, its processing is stimulated, which further raises the level of miR-376. This causes the down-regulation of its target mRNAs, RYBP (RING1 and YY1 binding protein) and FOXP2 (Forkhead box protein P2). (C) uc.338 binds to PAX6 (Paired box protein Pax-6) or (D) p53 and regulates gene expression at the DNA level. (E) wild-type p53 interacts with uc.339. Thus, miR-339-3p, miR-95-5p and miR-663b-5p can suppress the translation of CCNE2 (cyclin E2). (F) The mutated form of p53 does not bind to uc.339 thus uc.339 interacts with miR-339-3p, miR-95-5p and miR-663b-5p. (G) uc.285+ can bind to both CDC42 (Cell division control protein 42 homolog) mRNA and protein

Transcribed Ultraconserved Regions (T-UCR) as a Missing Puzzle in Cancer Research
Alina-Andreea Zimta
Independent researcher, Strada Soporului, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Premier Journal of Science 2025;8:100067

Fig 6 | SEM image of AgNPs of Allium ursinum leaves extract

Green Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles from Medicinally Important Plant Allium ursinum
Younas Khan
Government Degree College, Alpurai District, Shangla KPK, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;8:100066

Fig 2 | Lifecycle of a threat from detection to mitigation within the framework. Include nodes that represent detection, blockchain validation, alerting, and smart contract-based responses Source: Bhutta (2021)19

Advanced Persistent Threats and Blockchain Technology: Exploring the Potential of Decentralized Defense Mechanisms
Waqas Ahmed
Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;8:100065

The Role of Epigenetics in Plant Development and Adaptation: A Comprehensive Molecular and Ecological Perspective
Amita Kajrolkar
Freelance Writer, Mumbai, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;8:100060

Fig 2 | In the top figure, a map of Europe is presented, with different colors labeling areas where languages of the same family are spoken (Languages of Europe.svg: The original uploader ArdadN at English Wikipedia.Later version(s) by Ervidervi, Komita at en.wikipedia.derivative work: Hayden120, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons). On the bottom, a map of the Southwestern Pacific is presented, showing different humpback whale song types sung in the same season, along with corresponding spectrograms (retrieved from Owen et al., 2019)87

On Vocal Cultures and Traditions in Vertebrates—Culture, Learning, and Grammar in Animals
Divna Djokic
Department of Physiology and Behavior, Laboratory of Bioacoustics/EcoAcoustic Research Hub, Biosciences Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Premier Journal of Science 2025;7:100064

Fig 6 | Blockchain in zero-trust architecture

Blockchain Applications in Cybersecurity: Exploring Use Cases in Identity Management, Data Privacy, and Threat Mitigation
Waqas Ahmed
Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;7:100063

Fig 2 | Key aspect of miRNA characteristics, specifically their interaction with transcription factors

The Role of MicroRNAs in Plant Growth and Development
Saira Sameen
Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed UEIT, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;7:100062

Fig 2 | Enhancing plant immunity with CRISPR

Plant Immune System: Understanding Pathogen Recognition and Defense Mechanisms
Amita Kajrolkar
Freelance Writer, Mumbai, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;7:100061

Fig 13 | Alignment of predicted putative adenylyl cyclase structure with its PDB homology

Exploring the Novel Potential of Newly Discovered Thermophile Metallosphaera Sedula: Insights into DNA Polymerase IV and Adenylyl Cyclase; Breakthroughs in Biotechnology and Industrial Innovation
Ambreen Ilyas¹, Hina Javed² and Khadija Batool^2,3
1. School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala, Pakistan
2. Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
3. Department of Zoology, University of the Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;7:100059

Fig 2 | Which omics approach should be prioritized for advancing plant biology

Advancements in Plant Proteomics and Metabolomics: Tools and Techniques
Amita Kajrolkar
Freelance Writer, Mumbai, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;7:100058

Fig 2 | Steps for the discovery and implementation of new biomarkers

Biomarkers: Key to Precision Therapy for Cancer
Daniela Rodriguez-Carrascal
Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Premier Journal of Science 2025;7:100057

Fig 1 | Heatmap of Indian states showing age-standardized disability prevalence for children below 20 years of age in India, 2011

Epidemiology and Projections of Childhood and Adolescent Disability in India: Findings from Census 2011
Amruta Chutke¹, Manali Pandit²and Priyanka Guru²
1Central Research and Publication Unit, Bharati Vidyapeeth (DU) Medical College and
Premier Journal of Science 2025;7:100056

Fig 3 | A more detailed look at myelin cylinders and their location along the neuron's axon. (a) Axons of myelinated neurons have several segments of myelin sheaths. (b) Consider the entire myelin-coated axon as a cylinder. (c) Phospholipid molecules, the primary component of myelin, have tails that contain a large number of C-H bonds Credit: Liu et al., Physical Review E, 2024

Exploring Consciousness: Photon Entanglement and Neural Communication
Giorgi Svanishvili
Anatomical Researches and Skills Centre, Tbilisi, Georgia
Premier Journal of Science 2025;7:100055

Stem Cells in Oncology: Potential and Challenges in Cancer Therapies
Daniela Rodriguez-Carrascal
Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Chair of Pathological Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Premier Journal of Science 2025;6:100053

Fig 1 | The EPR effect in normal vs tumor tissues

Advancing Nanotechnology in Targeted Cancer Therapy: From Passive Targeting to Smart Delivery Systems
Azza Moustafa Fahmy
Parasitology Department, Theodore Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
Premier Journal of Science 2025;6:100052

Fig 1 | Silver nanoparticles in breast cancer management

Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Management
Muhammad Imran Qadir and Maryam Zahra
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;6:100051

Fig 1 | Prisma flow diagram: Identification of studies via databases and registers

A Systematic Review of Zoonotic Pathogens and the Risk of Future Pandemics: The Focus Areas, Potential Threats and Global Readiness
Muhammad Asim Khan1 and Abid Ur-Rehman2
1. University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
2. Department of Zoology, Govt. Post Graduate College Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;6:100049

Fig 2 | Smart biomaterials and their stimuli responses. (a) Stimuli-responsive materials, (b) Injectable biomaterials, (c) Hydrogels with three-dimensional networks, (d) Shape-memory and temperature-sensitive materials, (e) Star-shaped systems, (f) Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, (g) Targeted delivery strategies using CAR T cells. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from P. S. Kowalski, C. Bhattacharya, S. Afewerki, and R. Langer, “Smart Biomaterials: Recent Advances and Future Directions,” ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 2018, 4 (11), 3809–3817. Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society12

Smart Biomaterials for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Anisha Parida and Ansheed Raheem
Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;5:100050

Fig 5 | Three extracellular complement initiation pathways culminate in a common terminal pathway. Gray boxes identify initiation and terminal pathways with complement components identified along the arrows. The classical pathway is activated by antigen/antibody complexes, recognized by C1q in complex with C1r and C1s. Proteases C1r and C1s cleave C4 and C2 to generate the classical pathway C3 convertase C4b2a. The lectin pathway is triggered by binding of MBL or ficolins to carbohydrates on the target membrane. The MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) then cleave C4 and C2 generating the C3-convertase C4b2a. The alternative pathway, an amplification loop, is triggered when the C3b protein directly binds a microbe, foreign material, or damaged tissue. C3b also binds factor B (fB) to form C3bB. FB is cleaved by factor D (fD) to form alternative pathway C3 convertase, C3bBb. This convertase is stabilized by properdin (P). C3b opsonizes targets for phagocytosis and B-cell activation. All three initiation pathways converge on C3 with distinct C3 convertases, which cleave C3 to generate the anaphylatoxin C3a, and more C3b to form the C5 convertases (C4b2a3b and C3bBb3b). C5 convertase then cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b. C3a and C5a can attract and activate inflammatory cells and contract smooth muscle through receptors (C3aR, C5aR1, and C5aR2). C5b binds C6, C7, C8, and multiple copies of C9 forming the membrane attack complex (MAC). MAC pores can cause cell death by osmotic flux Girardi G et al. Front. Immunol. 2020;11:1681 © 2020 Girardi, Lingo, Fleming and Regal

Evasion of the Host Innate Immune System by Pathogenic Bacteria
Naoko Matsunaga
Independent Researcher and Consultant, San Diego, California 92111, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2025;5:100046

Fig 5 | Photon frequency conversion from infrared to ultraviolet to x-ray driving fusion

Advancements and Applications of Laser-Produced Plasmas
Daniel Ross Witteman
Freelance Writer, Redondo Beach, CA, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2025;5:100054

Fig 3 | Removal of interleukin-11 improves health and extends mouse lifespan by up to 24% Credit: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07701-9

Targeting IL-11: A New Approach to Curing Cancer, Slowing Aging and Promoting Longevity
Giorgi Svanishvili
Anatomical Researches and Skills Centre, Tbilisi, Georgia
Premier Journal of Science 2025;5:100044

Fig 1 | General architecture of early disease prediction

Machine Learning for Early Disease Diagnosis: A Review of Techniques in Healthcare Applications
Muhammad Faraz Manzoor
Department of Artificial Intelligence, School of System and Technology, UMT, Lahore, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;5:100043

Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Precision Medicine in Cancer Treatment
Maya Hassane
Freelance Writer, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Premier Journal of Science 2025;5:100041

Fig 2 | Practicing different viral vectors for gene therapy

Viral Vectors: “Friends or Foes” in Gene Therapy
Muhammad Imran Qadir and Maria Tahir
Institute of Molecular Biology &
Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2025;5:100045.

Fig 3 | Neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. Singh D. Astrocytic and microglial cells as the modulators of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neuroinflamm. 2022;19:206. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-022-02565-0 Copyright link

Insights into the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease for Better Therapeutics
Anisha Agrawal and Sai Sudha Purushothaman
Upsurge Labs, Center for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, India
Premier Journal of Science 2025;5:100042

Fig 4 | DdrC repairing broken DNA Credit: Nucleic Acids Research, doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae635

Stopping DNA Damage: A Newly Discovered Protein-Enhancing DNA Repair Mechanisms
Giorgi Svanishvili
Anatomical Researches and Skills Centre, Tbilisi, Georgia
Premier Journal of Science 2024;5:100040

Fig 1 | General architecture of IoT (operates on a layered architecture that organizes devices, networks, and applications into distinct functional layers)3

Cybersecurity in the Era of IoT: A Review of Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Mitigation Strategies
Waqas Ahmed
Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2024;4:100038

Fig 2 | Psilocin binds with high affinity to 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors Source: Cameron et al. (2023)19

Psilocybin Microdosing for Anxiety Relief in Young Adults: A Comparative Review of Emerging Evidence
Kanwal Shabir
GCU, Lahore, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2024;4:100036

Fig 1| An overview of the advent of various personalized therapies and their mechanism of action developed for cancer treatment Source: SlideShare. Mayo Clinic, plasticsurgeryplastic.com

Precision Oncology: Current Status of Targeted Therapies and Prospective Advances
Swati Dhar
Parexel International LLC, Chicago, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2024;4:100039

Fig 1 | AlphaFold − Nobel Prize winner, an AI system that predicts protein structures

Artificial Intelligence Identifies Cancer and Viral Infections
with Nanoscale
Giorgi Svanishvili
Anatomical Researches and Skills Centre, Tbilisi, Georgia
Premier Journal of Science 2024;4:100032

Fig 1 | Different forms of the magnetic nanoparticles with diagnostic and therapeutic applications of cancer63

Applications of Nanotechnology in Medicine with a Focus on Diagnostic Imaging
Mostafa Farghal^1,2
¹Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, T2N 4Z6, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
²Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
Premier Journal of Science 2024;4:100037

How is Virtual Reality (VR) Changing the Way We Interact with the World
Thanissa Ganason
Lorong Seri Serdang, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Premier Journal of Science 2024;4:100033

Fig 1 | A representative structure of TLR. The conserved structural features of all TLRs consist of three critical components: (1) leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motif; (2) transmembrane helix; (3) intracellular TIR domain. The LRR structure is based on the model of TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer (Protein Data Bank, PDB, ID: 2z7x) interacting with 6 tri-acylated lipopeptides, Pam3CSK4, whereas the TIR domain homology model is based on TLR2 TIR structure (PDB ID: 1fyw). © 2017 Gao W et al. Front Physiol 2017;8:508

Small-Molecule Modulators of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Their Clinical Applications
Naoko Matsunaga
Independent Researcher and Consultant, San Diego, California 92111, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2024;4:100031

Fig 1 | Metastasis formation mechanisms and 5 steps: invasion, intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and colonization

Unveiling GST Family: A Critical Player in the Development and Survival of Metastatic Tumors
Giorgi Svanishvili
Anatomical Researches and Skills Centre, Tbilisi, Georgia
Premier Journal of Science 2024;4:100035

Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery: Transforming the Future of Medicine
Malvika Chawla
Former Research Scholar, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
Premier Journal of Science 2024;4:100034

Fig 3 Complex structure and biochemical pathways of orexin

From Gene Mutation to Sleep Phenotype: DEC2 in Natural Short Sleepers
Giorgi Svanishvili
Upsurge Labs, Singapore
Premier Journal of Science 2024:3;100026

Fig. 3 Protein structures of fruit fly CG11837 and human DIMT1. Data were gathered from the Alphafold2 database (https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/). Template modeling score (TM-score) is 0.93

DIMT1 and Ribosomal Function: How Ribosomal Biogenesis Influences Lifespan and Energy Homeostasis
Giorgi Svanishvili
Upsurge Labs, Singapore
Premier Journal of Science 2024:3;100027

Fig 3 | Lung-on-chip confirmation (a) A detailed schematic of the branching respiratory tree-like structure, progressively dividing into smaller bronchioles, ultimately terminating in clusters of alveolar sacs for gas exchange. (b) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a human lung parenchyma slice, revealing small alveoli and their ultrathin air-blood barrier crucial for efficient gas exchange (Scale bar 500 µm). (c–d) Illustration showing the production of the CE membrane for the second-generation lung-on-a-chip involves using a thin gold mesh scaffold with a hexagonal pore array, each pore approximately 260 µm in size. A drop of collagen-elastin solution is carefully pipetted onto the scaffold, forming a flexible and biomimetic membrane for the device. (e) The collagen-elastin gel creates a delicate, suspended membrane that can be stretched at the alveolar level by applying a controlled negative pressure to the basolateral side, mimicking natural tissue dynamics. (f–g) An illustration showing the alveolar-capillary interface. Primary human lung alveolar epithelial cells, both type I (ATI) and type II (ATII), are cocultured with lung endothelial cells on a thin, flexible collagen-elastin membrane. (h) The force balance during membrane drying involves several factors: FST represents the surface tension force, FG accounts for the influence of gravity, and σo denotes the membrane’s inherent residual stress. Reproduced from Pauline et al; 2021 under the CC BY 4.084

Organ-on-Chip: The Advancing Microfluidic Technology for Theranostics
Ansheed Raheem
Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
Premier Journal of Science 2024;3:100029

Macrophage Scanning electron micrograph of a macrophage. Credit: NIAID

Biomarkers in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Cancer Treatment
Angela Papageorgiou
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2024:3;100023

Fig 2 Colony of human embryonic stem cells

Bioprinting: Paving the Way for the Future of Regenerative Medicine
Clark Jones
Pharmaceutical Scientist and Molecular Biologist, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2024:3;100025

Fig 1 | Molecular targets and therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment

Advances in Personalised Medicine for Cancer Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Disease: A Comparative Review of Recent Innovations
Kanwal Shabir
GCU, Lahore, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2024;3:100028

Fig 1 | Prevalence of cancer as per UK research Source: https://www.mouthcancerfoundation.org/news/cancer-cases-will- reach-500000-a-year-by-2040/

Advancements in Diagnostic Imaging Techniques for Early Cancer Detection
Mahnoor Kashif
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2024:3;100021

Fig 1 | Main reason for choosing robotic TKA

Patient Perception of Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Qualitative Study
Todd P. Pierce, Thomas A. Novack, Kimona Issa, Anthony Festa, Vincent K. McInerney and Anthony J. Scillia
Saint Joseph’s University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Paterson, New Jersey, United States
Premier Journal of Science 2024;3:100030

Fig 2 | Distinction between the activities of FMT and probiotics in the treatment of human illnesses

Microbiome-Based Therapeutics: Emerging Trends in Health Biotechnology
Inaam Ullah¹ and Memona Yasmin²
1.Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
2. Knowledge Research and Innovation Center (KRIC), Lahore, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2024;3:100022

Fig 3 | E-mobility ecosystem from well to wheels

Interoperability of the Electric Vehicle Charging Ecosystem
Ravi T. Vedula
Mechanical Engineering & Data Science, Hyderabad, India
Premier Journal of Science 2024:3;100024

Fig 3 | An illustration of the connection between the gut microbiota and the onset of type 1 diabetes. Disruptions in the gut microbiota lead to inflammation, which can trigger insulitis—an autoimmune response targeting pancreatic islets. This inflammatory cascade contributes to the development of type 1 diabetes

The Emerging Role of Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases
Sher Zaman Safi
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
Premier Journal of Science 2024:2;100020

Cost-Effectiveness and Policy Implications of Personalised Medicine
Syed Sibghatullah Shah
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2024:2;100018

The Free Medial Sural Artery Perforator Flap for Microsurgical Reconstruction of Limbs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Flap Characteristics and Outcomes
Kiron K Koshy¹, Anish Naik², Mohammad Mozaffor Hosain³*
*Joint first author
1. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK
2. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
3. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wye Valley NHS Trust, Hereford, UK
Premier Journal of Science 2024:2;100016.

Challenges and Emerging Strategies in ATMPs
Michele Malandruccolo
Alten, Bern, Switzerland
Premier Journal of Science 2024:2;100017

Lupus and Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review of Inpatient Outcomes
Todd P. Pierce, David P. Martin and Melvyn A. Harrington
Department of Orthopedics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2024;2:100015

Figure 3: Fabrication and Characterization GelMA +PCL hybrid scaffold: (A) A schematic representation of the IL-4-loaded GelMA scaffold created using the DLP 3D printing system. (B) A photographic image of the GelMA scaffold, with a scale bar indicating 5 mm. (C) A SEM image of the GelMA scaffold, with a scale bar of 500 μm. (D) IL-4 release from the GelMA hydrogel (n=3n=3). (E) A schematic of the PCL-HA scaffold produced by the FDM 3D printing system. (F) A photographic image of PCL HA alongside SEM and the EDS spectra. Adopted from Lin Gong et al.,2020 under CC BY 4.0 [51]

Advancements in 3D-Printed Biomaterials for Personalized Medicine: A Review
Ansheed Raheem
Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore – 632014, India
Premier Journal of Science 2024;2:100012

Figure 5: Demonstrates the role of nc-RNAs in gene regulation. lncRNAs regulate transcription by influencing PollII activity, while miRNAs affect mRNA stability and translation. These non-coding RNAs can significantly impact the transcription and translation processes of genes which are involved in cancer development.

Epigenetic Modulation in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets – A Review
Sher Zaman Safi
Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, 42610, Selangor Malaysia
Premier Journal of Science 2024;2:100014

Emergence of Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies: A Historical Synopsis and Systematic Review on Microneedles
Nonye Linda Ifekpolugo
Seoul, South Korea
Premier Journal of Science 2024:2;100019

Figure 1: Reason for Choosing Robotic THA

Patient Perception of Robotic Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective Analysis
Todd P. Pierce, Thomas A. Novack, Kimona Issa, Anthony Festa, Vincent K. McInerney and Anthony J. Scillia
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Josephs University Medical Center and Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Paterson, New Jersey
Premier Journal of Science 2024;2:100011

Advancements in Renewable Energy Technologies: A Decade in Review
Mary Christine Wheatley
Wheatley Research Consultancy, Bagley, Minnesota, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2024;2:100013

Fig 3 | Future of nanoparticles—development of novel nano-vaccines including needle-free vaccines. AI-based integrative models accelerate the generation of personalized medicines. Created in https://BioRender.com

Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
Jainu Ajit
Science Communicator, Kottayam, India
Premier Journal of Science 2024;1:100048

Fig 2 | The theoretical and observed strain throughout all stages of the coalescence of two BHs. (Image obtained from reference 38)

Black Holes: From Math to Reality
Edison Santos
PPGCosmo, CCE, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075-910,
Vitória, ES, Brazil
Premier Journal of Science 2024;1:100047

Figure 5: Forecasted value of potential annual benefits of AI applications in healthcare worldwide in 2026, (in billion U.S. dollars) Source: Authors Development based on data extracted from Statista, 2024.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Health Outcomes: A Review
Syed Sibghatullah Shah
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2024;1:100006

Spinal Cord Injury: Developments in Using Stem Cells and Specialised Cells in Treating Spinal Cord Injuries
Modinat Olushanu
London, United Kingdom
Premier Journal of Science 2024;1:100005

Figure 6. Healthcare business problems that could be solved by AI

Harnessing the Power of Machine Learning and AI to Decrease Health Expenditures Worldwide – A Review
Michele Malandruccolo
Alten, Bern, Switzerland
Premier Journal of Science 2024;1:100004

Behavioral theories and models to enhance compliance in cardiac rehabilitation programs for acute myocardial infarction – A narrative review
Usman Rashid Malik
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Premier Journal of Science 2024;1:100010

Artificial intelligence in Small and Medium Enterprises – An Empirical Analysis of Critical Factors
Samuel Wandeto Mathagu
Kirinyaga University, Kenyatta, Kenya
Premier Journal of Science 2024;1:100009

Figure 2: Supervised and Unsupervised Learning.

Predicting Tomorrow: A Review of Machine Learning’s Role in Shaping Environmental Forecasts
Susan Ferebee
University of Phoenix and Purdue University Global, Tuscon, Arizona, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2024;1:100008

The role of gut microbacta on mental health: The gut-brain axis – A Review
Jostel Owusu Akua Yeboawaa
Accra, Ghana
Premier Journal of Science 2024;1:100003

Incidence of Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in those with hip fractures: A prospective cohort study
Todd P. Pierce¹, Kimona Issa², Craig Wright², Anthony J. Scillia², Arash Emami² and Vincent K. McInerney²
1. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
2. Saint Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, New Jersey 07503, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2024;1:100002

Doctor Holding Cell Phone. Cell phones and other kinds of mobile devices and communications technologies are of increasing importance in the delivery of health care

The Evolution of Telehealth: Benefits and Challenges Post-Pandemic
Mary Christine Wheatley
Wheatley Research Consultancy, Bagley, Minnesota, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2024;1:100007

Targeting the Undruggable KRAS Mutation in Lung Cancer: A Review
Clark Jones
Pharmaceutical Scientist and Molecular Biologist, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Premier Journal of Science 2024;1:100001

About the Premier Journal of Science (PJS)

Aims and Scope

Archive

Volume 15 – December 2025

Sarcasm Detection in Conversational Contexts: A Comprehensive Review with a Logistic Regression Baseline StudyJaipuneeth Jaishree Prabhu and Sai Preetham Rajappa VelurRamaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaPremier Journal of Science 2025;15:100125

Adoption of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools Among Supervisors in the Second Half of Their Working Life: A Qualitative Study Firdaus Bashir and Priyanga TPSG Institute of Management, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, IndiaPremier Journal of Science 2025;15:100124

Volume 14 – November 2025

Anomaly Detection Techniques for Securing IoT Endpoints: A Machine Learning Approach Kamran Asgarov Department of Engineering Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, Azerbaijan Technical University, Baku, Azerbaijan Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100175

Approaches to Fault Tolerance and Disaster Recovery in DevOps ProcessesMaksym Karyonov Faculty of Information Technology and Cyber Security, State University of Intellectual Technologies and Communications, Odesa, UkrainePremier Journal of Science 2025;14:100165

Automation of Agricultural Data Processing Using Computer Vision and IoT Technologies: An Experimental StudyAndrii Povsheniuk Department of Computer Sciences and Applied Mathematics, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine Premier Journal of Science 2025;14:100163

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Evolution of Graphic Design: Current Practices and ChallengesShengDong Zhou , Eakachat Joneuraratana, Veerawat Sirvesmas and Pairoj JamuniFaculty of Decorative Arts, Silpakorn University, Bangkok, ThailandPremier Journal of Science 2025;14:100151

AI and Open Government Data: Economic Transparency and Market Competitiveness: A Mixed Methods StudyVjollca Hasani Faculty of Economy, AAB College, Pristina, Republic of KosovoPremier Journal of Science 2025;14:100161

Comparative Study of Language Structure and Grammatical Universals Iryana Horokhova Dragomanov Ukrainian State University, Kyiv, UkrainePremier Journal of Science 2025;14:100126

Volume 13 – October 2025

Analytical Modeling in Financial Institution Management – Integrating Stability and Sustainable Development PrinciplesOleh ZhelavskyiDepartment of Mathematics and Information Technologies, University of Economics and Entrepreneurship, Khmelnytskyi, UkrainePremier Journal of Science 2025;13:100103

Emerging Frontiers in Load Management and Injury Prevention in Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review Abdullah MahmoodUniversity of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;13:100102

Nanopore and AI-Assisted Decoding of Posttranslational Modifications–A Narrative ReviewAmbreen Ilyas1 and Khadija Batool21. University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan2. University of Sialkot, Sialkot, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;13:100106

Relationship Between Nutritional Risk Index and Inflammatory Markers in Metabolic Syndrome—Synergy and Clinical Significance in Geriatrics: A Systematic ReviewHe GangKuiDazhou Second People’s Hospital, Dazhou, ChinaPremier Journal of Science 2025;13:100099

Decoding the Role of NF-κB Signaling in COVID-19 Severity and Inflammation Ambreen IlyasSchool of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;13:100097

Volume 12 – September 2025

The Role of Exercise in Mitigating Cancer Treatment Side Effects: A Comprehensive ReviewRiaz AhmedMilitary College of Signals NUST, Rawalpindi, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;12:100094

Assessing the Efficacy of AI Models in Medical Imaging Analysis for the Early Identification of Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Gangrene: A ReviewAzza Moustafa FahmyProfessor, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, EgyptPremier Journal of Science 2025;12:100093

AI-Driven Advancements in Biomaterials Science: A Narrative ReviewSonali Patel, Akanksha Dwivedi and G.N. DarwhekarDepartment of Pharmacy, Acropolis Insitute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Indore-453771, M.P., IndiaPremier Journal of Science 2025;12:100092

Volume 11 – August 2025

COVID-19 and Co-Infections: A Review of Clinical Implications and Management ChallengesRiaz AhmedDepartment of Medical Sciences, Military College of Signals NUST, Islamabad, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;11:100091

Advancements in Regenerative Sports Medicine: Exploring the Frontiers of Tissue Engineering and Cellular Therapies in Athletic Injury ManagementRiaz AhmedDepartment of Medical Sciences, Military College of Signals, Rawalpindi, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;11:100087

Volume 10 – July 2025

Volume 9 – June 2025

The Trio of Carbon Nanomaterials: Fullerene, CNT, and Graphene–A Review of Their Discovery and Development in the Last DecadeJyothirmayee Aravind VishnusekharFuturise Consulting, Verona, Wisconsin, USAPremier Journal of Science 2025;9:100075

The Long-Term Effects of Repeated Concussions in Contact Sports: A Review of Emerging Biomarkers and Prevention StrategiesRiaz AhmedDepartment of Medical Sciences, Military College of Signals, Rawalpindi, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;9:100086

Pre-Setting the Metabolic Pathways During Stem Cell ProgrammingSai Sudha PurushothamanUpsurge Labs, Center for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, IndiaPremier Journal of Science 2025;9:100078

Through the Cosmic Lens: The Science, Challenges, and Future of Gravitational LensingMina RehmanFreelance Writer, Manchester, UKPremier Journal of Science 2025;9:100076

Top Two Best Written Abstracts of the Cambridge University Obstetrics & Gynaecology Society ConferenceObstetrics & Gynaecology Society, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UKPremier Journal of Science 2025;9:100073

Volume 8 – May 2025

Investigating the Antimicrobial Potential of Plant-Based Protein Against Human PathogensSaira Sameen, M. Bilal Khalil and M. Usama KhalilDepartment of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;8:100070

Abstracts of the Cambridge University Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Society ConferenceCUPRAS. Premier Journal of Science 2025:PJS.100C1

Mitochondrial Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Emerging Approaches and ChallengesMonara Kaélle Sérvulo Cruz AngelimDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USAPremier Journal of Science 2025;8:100068

Transcribed Ultraconserved Regions (T-UCR) as a Missing Puzzle in Cancer ResearchAlina-Andreea ZimtaIndependent researcher, Strada Soporului, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Premier Journal of Science 2025;8:100067

Green Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles from Medicinally Important Plant Allium ursinumYounas KhanGovernment Degree College, Alpurai District, Shangla KPK, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;8:100066

Advanced Persistent Threats and Blockchain Technology: Exploring the Potential of Decentralized Defense MechanismsWaqas AhmedAir University, Islamabad, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;8:100065

The Role of Epigenetics in Plant Development and Adaptation: A Comprehensive Molecular and Ecological PerspectiveAmita KajrolkarFreelance Writer, Mumbai, IndiaPremier Journal of Science 2025;8:100060

Volume 7 – April 2025

Blockchain Applications in Cybersecurity: Exploring Use Cases in Identity Management, Data Privacy, and Threat MitigationWaqas AhmedAir University, Islamabad, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;7:100063

The Role of MicroRNAs in Plant Growth and Development Saira SameenDepartment of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed UEIT, Rahim Yar Khan, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;7:100062

Plant Immune System: Understanding Pathogen Recognition and Defense Mechanisms Amita KajrolkarFreelance Writer, Mumbai, IndiaPremier Journal of Science 2025;7:100061

Advancements in Plant Proteomics and Metabolomics: Tools and Techniques Amita KajrolkarFreelance Writer, Mumbai, IndiaPremier Journal of Science 2025;7:100058

Biomarkers: Key to Precision Therapy for CancerDaniela Rodriguez-CarrascalDepartamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaPremier Journal of Science 2025;7:100057

Epidemiology and Projections of Childhood and Adolescent Disability in India: Findings from Census 2011Amruta Chutke1, Manali Pandit2 and Priyanka Guru21Central Research and Publication Unit, Bharati Vidyapeeth (DU) Medical College andPremier Journal of Science 2025;7:100056

Exploring Consciousness: Photon Entanglement and Neural Communication Giorgi SvanishviliAnatomical Researches and Skills Centre, Tbilisi, GeorgiaPremier Journal of Science 2025;7:100055

Volume 6 – March 2025

Advancing Nanotechnology in Targeted Cancer Therapy: From Passive Targeting to Smart Delivery Systems Azza Moustafa FahmyParasitology Department, Theodore Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, EgyptPremier Journal of Science 2025;6:100052

Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Management Muhammad Imran Qadir and Maryam ZahraInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;6:100051

Volume 5 – February 2025

Smart Biomaterials for Targeted Cancer TherapyAnisha Parida and Ansheed RaheemCentre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, IndiaPremier Journal of Science 2025;5:100050

Evasion of the Host Innate Immune System by Pathogenic BacteriaNaoko MatsunagaIndependent Researcher and Consultant, San Diego, California 92111, USAPremier Journal of Science 2025;5:100046

Advancements and Applications of Laser-Produced PlasmasDaniel Ross WittemanFreelance Writer, Redondo Beach, CA, USAPremier Journal of Science 2025;5:100054

Targeting IL-11: A New Approach to Curing Cancer, Slowing Aging and Promoting LongevityGiorgi SvanishviliAnatomical Researches and Skills Centre, Tbilisi, GeorgiaPremier Journal of Science 2025;5:100044

Machine Learning for Early Disease Diagnosis: A Review of Techniques in Healthcare Applications Muhammad Faraz ManzoorDepartment of Artificial Intelligence, School of System and Technology, UMT, Lahore, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;5:100043

Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Precision Medicine in Cancer TreatmentMaya HassaneFreelance Writer, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaPremier Journal of Science 2025;5:100041

Viral Vectors: “Friends or Foes” in Gene Therapy Muhammad Imran Qadir and Maria TahirInstitute of Molecular Biology &Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, PakistanPremier Journal of Science 2025;5:100045.